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Dates: a Healthy Snack With a Lousy Ecological Balance

Dates are becoming increasingly popular – as a sweet and as a sugar alternative. We took a look at where the fruits actually come from, how healthy they are and what you should consider when buying them.

Although the date palm epitomizes desert for us, it needs a lot of water to thrive. Because of this, most date palm groves grow around oases where water is readily available for a sophisticated irrigation system.

“The” date does not exist

The date palm is a cultivated plant that was of great regional economic importance, especially in the past. Building materials and fuel are obtained from their leaves, palm wine is made from the juice tapped from the trunks, and the fruits are traded or further processed.

There is not just one type of date palm, but countless, which differ in particular in the colour, size and shape of their fruits. Dates can therefore have many colors: yellow, red, brown, black and all shades in between.

Depending on the country of origin, different varieties are grown or favored. Most dates are grown in Egypt, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Medjoul dates (also spelled Medjool dates) are particularly popular with us because they have a particularly fleshy and juicy pulp and a soft, honey-like taste. The Deglet Nour date can also often be found here, it is a bit firmer and flourier in the flesh, has a harder skin and is easier to process.

Nutritional Values ​​of Dates

Dates are still not only tasty, but also high-calorie food for everyone who is on the move – traditionally the Bedouins of the cultivation countries. We also often have them in our provisions as a snack, between meals or as food for the journey, because they are easy to transport and provide energy quickly.

The calories of dates vary between fresh and dried fruits and depending on the variety. Most brands state around 300 kilocalories per 100 grams for dried (organic) dates without stones.

Dates are basically fat-free and therefore cholesterol-free, high in healthy fiber and high in carbohydrates, of which about 15 percent is starch, with the rest being sugar. However, due to the roughage and the starch content, the fruits allow the blood sugar level to rise more slowly than other sweets, which is why there is a lasting satiety effect. This makes dates a healthy snack when you are hungry for sweets. Because of their comparatively high calcium and magnesium content, they are also ideal for athletes.

Dates as a healthy sugar substitute?

Sugar is basically neither healthy nor essential for our body, because it can produce sugar itself from starch products. Sugar has therefore been viewed critically for some time, so that there are more and more sugar alternatives that are said to be healthier.

Date sweetener and date syrup are obtained from dates, which are intended to replace sugar. However, due to the characteristic inherent taste, alternative date-based sweeteners are not suitable for all purposes.

Date syrup is made from fresh dates, which are first boiled with water for a long time and then filtered. What remains is a very dark syrup, which can also have a honey-like consistency. The syrup no longer contains any roughage due to the filtering.

Date sweeteners are dried and finely ground dates. It therefore also contains all the roughage and, in contrast to syrup, offers an additional health effect; it allows the blood sugar level to rise more gently. Due to its properties, however, date sweeteners can only be used for baking or as a sweet topping.

In principle, chemically speaking, these two sugar alternatives are also a type of sugar. The “healthy effect” of the minerals contained in small amounts is small. It is therefore healthier than replacing sugar one-to-one with date products to reduce the consumption of all kinds of sweets.

What do you have to pay attention to when buying dates?

Dates are susceptible to pests. There are several methods to avoid pest infestation. In conventional cultivation, the fruits are often gassed with bromomethane in their country of origin, a gas that is not only toxic to pests but also destroys the ozone layer. This has been banned in Germany since 2006, but not in the countries where the dates come from.

Organic dates are a little better: they are gassed with carbon dioxide to combat pests. This is a climate-damaging gas, but at least it does not destroy the ozone layer. Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are also prohibited in organic farming.

Both methods of pest control are therefore ecologically questionable, which speaks for consuming dates only in moderation.

Conclusion: Dates are better only from organic cultivation and only in moderation

Dates are the better candy for everyone who likes it sweet or needs uncomplicated food for the road. Although date sweeteners or date syrup are interesting sugar alternatives, they are not suitable as a healthy substitute for any type of sugar, as they are industrially processed products with little added health value.

For the sake of the environment, you should not buy dates too often. If you buy dates, they should be dried and not fresh and come from controlled organic cultivation. If they are also fairly traded, you are also supporting the people in the country where they are grown.

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Food

Jackfruit: a Delicious Meat Substitute – But What About The Ecological Balance?

A new hype for vegetarians and vegans comes from the tropics: jackfruit conquers the palate as a meat substitute. We show how useful the fruit is as an alternative to meat and where you can already buy jackfruit.

Jackfruit grows in the tropics around the world and is usually eaten ripe and sweet in its countries of origin. Depending on the variety, a single fruit can weigh up to 35 kilos. The jackfruit tree can grow up to 20 meters tall, but bears its fruit on the trunk, making it easier to harvest. If you cut open the ripe fruit, a milky juice comes out that is reminiscent of glue. No wonder, because it belongs to the mulberry family – like the rubber tree (Ficus), which has the same sticky property.

In its countries of origin, the ripe jackfruit is served as a sweet dessert or eaten as a snack; similar to bananas, it is often dried into crispy chips. The kernels are also used: either dried and ground into flour or roasted as an addition to savory dishes.

Jackfruit has recently been rediscovered as a meat substitute. However, this is less so in their countries of origin than on the plates of vegetarians and vegans in western countries.

Jackfruit as a meat substitute

In order to use the tropical fruit as a substitute for meat in hearty vegetarian or vegan dishes, it must be harvested unripe. When ripe, their taste is reminiscent of fruit gum and would be out of place in goulash. Raw, however, the unripe fruits are inedible and hard, only their further processing makes them the fine-grained substitute for beef, pork or chicken.

In order to give the jackfruit tree enough strength to let a few jackfruit grow big, sweet and juicy, some smaller fruits are knocked off the tree unripe in the course of fruit growth. Every hobby gardener knows the method of “cutting out” the native tomato plants, every winegrower does the same thing in his vineyard on the vine.

Instead of disposing of these sorted unripe fruits, they are placed in brine for the local market or, more recently, processed into meat substitutes for export to western industrialized countries. The unripe, fibrous flesh is almost tasteless and can therefore be marinated to taste.

If the fruit pieces are cooked in a marinade and then seared, they are very reminiscent of meat. The crust also creates an almost perfect optical illusion. After all, it is the spices that determine the taste of meat.

Where can you buy jackfruit?

If you want to get started right away to conjure up a vegetarian goulash, a tender vegan “pulled pork” or a juicy burger, you won’t find what you’re looking for in every supermarket right away. Most of the canned or frozen pulp sold in Asian stores was harvested ripe. It tastes delicious, but it is only good as a fruity dessert, not as a hearty ingredient in meatless dishes.

If you are lucky enough to have the list of ingredients translated by the sales staff or do some research, you can also find unripe jackfruit pickled in brine in Asian, mostly Indian grocery stores. You can also find canned unripe jackfruit online. But before they can be used as an alternative to meat, they have to be cooked until soft by heating.

Jackfruit as a meat substitute: nutritional values ​​similar to potatoes

Jackfruit actually mimics the fibers of meat in texture, and with spices it’s possible to create not only a similar mouthfeel, but an almost identical taste. However, the jackfruit has less to do with the nutritional values ​​of meat. No wonder, given its high carbohydrate content, it is often served straight from the home garden as a substitute for rice in its countries of origin.

Nevertheless, jackfruit suppliers like to advertise their natural product with claims such as “nutrient-rich”, “rich in minerals”, “high in fiber”, “high in potassium”, “high in calcium and magnesium” and other advantages.

Basically, these statements are not made out of thin air, but a comparison with local food is worthwhile to decide for yourself whether it is really worth importing a jackfruit over thousands of kilometers (each per 100g):

Potassium: jackfruit 407mg; Potatoes 384mg, pumpernickel 192mg
Magnesium: Jackfruit 37mg; potatoes 22mg; Pumpernickel 54mg
Calcium: Jackfruit 27mg; potatoes 7mg; Pumpernickel 24mg
Protein: jackfruit 1.1g; potatoes 2g; Pumpernickel 4.84g
Fiber: jackfruit 4.15g; potatoes 1.56g; Pumpernickel 8.83g
While jackfruit’s reputation as a super-healthy meat substitute isn’t false, it’s also a bit blatant. As with avocados, the following therefore applies: only those who really use it to replace meat are actually better off ecologically. If you only put it on your plate for trend reasons or for alleged superfood nutritional values, you will find more ecological alternatives. (With this and other nutritional information, it should be remembered that the degree of ripeness, preparation methods, etc. also have an influence on the nutrients contained.)

Jackfruit instead of soy?

So far, the most popular meat substitute products have been protein-rich specialties made from tofu or seitan. The consistency of seitan is also somewhat similar to that of meat, but it is not suitable for people who suffer from gluten intolerance (celiac disease) or who want to avoid gluten.

Soy itself is a higher quality source of protein than meat, but not everyone likes it, has a different texture than meat and, depending on its origin, has been criticized for contributing to the deforestation of tropical forests or for being made from genetically modified soybeans.

The jackfruit’s path to success seems almost pre-programmed: it is gluten-free, has nothing to do with genetic engineering, offers an extremely meat-like mouthfeel and contains little fat. Green light for the jackfruit BBQ? Unfortunately, it’s not that simple…

Allergy to jackfruit

It’s not well-documented yet, but there is a risk of immediate allergic reactions with jackfruit. So if you are allergic anyway, you should definitely start small. Cross allergies are possible, for example, in allergies to nuts and birch pollen.

Transport routes worsen the ecological balance of the jackfruit

Those who do without meat or animal products often do so for ecological reasons. Not only the love of animals is decisive, but also the knowledge of the catastrophic ecological balance of animal-based foods is leading more and more consumers to eat vegetarian or vegan.

And that’s exactly the catch with the new meat substitute: Because the jackfruit only thrives in the tropics (especially India and Bangladesh), it already has a significant carbon footprint when it comes to our stores. Irrespective of whether it is shrink-wrapped, preserved in cans or transported and sold deep-frozen: the fruity meat alternative has already used up a lot of fossil fuels before it is eaten.

We do not yet have any publicly available data on the precise CO2 emissions from jackfruit. Nevertheless, one should at least question the jackfruit from an ecological point of view. The life cycle assessment of regional, seasonal vegetables is probably better when consumed daily.

Because jackfruit is just about to become the new star among vegans and vegetarians, there are only a few farms that cultivate the fruit according to the guidelines of organic cultivation (see above: Buy jackfruit: preferably organic). On the positive side, jackfruit is typically grown in mixed cultures.

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Food

Exotic Fruits: Not Only the Climate Balance is Problematic

Exotic fruits are part of the standard range of every supermarket. Here’s why you should avoid the sweet tropical fruits.

You can buy pineapple, mango and Co. at relatively low prices in almost every German supermarket and discounter. A central ecological problem of the exotic fruits is obvious: the plants come from tropical areas. Accordingly, the fruits are grown in distant countries and imported to Germany. They have to cover long transport routes and consequently have a bad ecological balance.

The CO2 emissions caused by transport get into the atmosphere and continue to drive global warming there. But the contribution to the climate crisis is not the only downside of tropical fruits.

Exotic fruits: list

The following types of fruit are among the best-known tropical fruits that you will find in German supermarkets:

Acai
acerola
pineapple
avocado
bananas
dates
figs
goji berries
pomegranate
guava
jackfruit
persimmon
prickly pear
star fruit / carambola
kiwi
lychee
mango
mangosteen
papaya
Passion Fruit / Maracuja
Pitaya / dragon fruit
Tamarillo / Tree Tomato
tamarind

Exotic fruits: monocultures and pesticides

Farmers grow many exotic fruits in monocultures. This not only damages the structure of the soil, but also makes the plants more susceptible to pests. Farmers are therefore increasingly relying on chemical-synthetic pesticides. Many of these pesticides are suspected of being carcinogenic. Occupational health and safety measures are often neglected.

Machines sometimes still spray the environmental toxins when workers are still in the field. In doing so, you regularly come into direct contact with the harmful substance. And even without direct skin contact, there can be health consequences: according to Deutschland Funk Kultur, harmful pesticides are regularly sprayed in large quantities on pineapple plantations in Cartagena, a port city in Costa Rica. As a result, students in a school near the plantations regularly complained of headaches, skin rashes, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.

Scientists confirmed that the pesticides were not only found on the plantation itself, but also in dust, hair from livestock and human saliva, among other things, and could be detected.

Rainstorms also ensure that pesticides are flushed from the plantations into water bodies. There they harm animals and plants and ultimately contaminate the groundwater. In communities around the plantations, it is therefore extremely dangerous to health to drink water from the tap.

It is not uncommon for rainforest areas to be cleared for plantations or sensitive ecosystems to be invaded. This promotes the extinction of species, as many animal and plant species lose their habitat.

Tropical fruits: working conditions on plantations

In addition to a lack of occupational safety, there are other labor and human rights violations on tropical fruit plantations. According to an Oxfam report reporting on the cultivation of bananas and pineapples in Ecuador and Costa Rica,…

Employers deliberately do not inform their workers about their rights.
some employees do not receive a copy of their employment contract.
workers have to work up to twelve hours at a time on the plantation to receive the daily minimum wage, which actually applies to an eight-hour day.
pregnancy is often a reason for dismissal without notice.
Employees usually have no social security.
immigrants who do not yet have their own apartment and work in the fields have to live together in a very small space.
Employers do not offer medical care in the event of pesticide poisoning or work-related accidents.

Exotic fruits at cheap prices

Precarious working conditions, environmental toxins, deforestation and long transport routes are behind the relatively inexpensive exotic fruits in European supermarkets. Or in short: exploited people and an exploited nature.

According to Oxfam, German supermarkets should take responsibility for these abuses. After all, it is the German corporations that want to keep lowering the price from suppliers in order to be able to score points with customers with cheap prices. Farmers in the country of origin have to bow to this aggressive price policy.

You can do that!

In order not to support the abuses surrounding the cultivation of exotic fruits, you as a consumer can use:in your purchasing power:

It is best if you eat tropical fruits in moderation. For a good ecological balance, you should prefer regional and seasonal fruit varieties. You can find out which fruit is available when from German cultivation in our seasonal calendar.
Pay attention to organic certified goods when buying! In this way you can be sure that farmers have avoided chemical-synthetic pesticides during cultivation. Seals with particularly strict requirements are Demeter and Naturland.
When buying, also look for trustworthy seals that guarantee compliance with ecological and social standards. You should not only pay attention to the organic, but also to the Fairtrade seal.
Fruits with the Rainforest Alliance seal are also subject to far-reaching social and ecological requirements. Although the seal with the green frog cannot quite keep up with the strict Fairtrade seal or the EU organic seal, it still stands for high social and ecological standards.

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