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It’s starting again: Pumpkin season starts as early as August, the fruit is available almost everywhere from September and pumpkin season reaches its peak in October. However, the different varieties have different seasons – and they do not all store equally well…

Like so many other things, the pumpkin is not a German or European fruit: Seafarers brought the seeds of the pumpkin to Europe and it is now native to many gardens here – you can find tips on how to plant a pumpkin in the article. In addition to the increasing popularity of Halloween, the vegetarian-vegan cooking trend in particular is likely to have contributed to the pumpkin boom.

Ornamental pumpkins are used by many as decoration in autumn. Because of the sweet and at the same time nutty taste, it is also valued for rich, filling and yet not high-calorie pumpkin soups and for curry dishes. It is rich in vitamins, potassium, zinc and other nutrients, and the yellow varieties are also rich in carotene. But when is pumpkin actually in season?

When is pumpkin season?

The pumpkin likes it hot and sunny. The pumpkins are planted from the end of April to mid-May; from June it will be too late again. Pumpkins that are then planted will no longer come to fruition.

The pumpkin season starts at the end of July at the earliest, typically at the end of late summer in August.
Pumpkin season peaks in the fall months of September and October and lasts until frost.

Get tips on vitamins when cooking vegetables. Fresh vegetables should be a daily part of our diet. Because it contains many important vitamins and minerals. There are various tricks and methods to ensure that these are retained. We have collected them for you.

Because many vitamins are heat sensitive and water-soluble, they can disappear during cooking or frying. Therefore, you should only cook vegetables for a short time. Or better yet, steam it. This is how many vitamins are preserved. You can find more tips on getting the important vitamins in the following article.

Why are vitamins so important?

Vitamins are complex organic molecules. Except for a few, the human body cannot produce vitamins itself, but it needs them. Because vitamins fulfill vital functions. Accordingly, they are important for a functioning metabolism, the protection of skin and mucous membranes, and a functioning immune system. In addition, they are important for bone health, and mental health and help against spring fatigue.

Get tips on vitamins

Since they are so important to our bodies, we should be careful to preserve them when cooking, freezing, or other processing. But when cooking, it can quickly happen that the vitamin-rich vegetables overcook, so that the valuable ingredients are lost. The following tips will help you to prevent this. In our further article, you will also find out which vitamins are in which foods.

1) Raw vegetables are rich in vitamins

Instead of cooking vegetables as a side dish, you can make a salad to go with the meal using fresh ingredients. In this way, the valuable ingredients are not lost. But as already mentioned, some vegetables are better digestible when cooked. And since many vitamins can only be properly absorbed by the body in combination with fat, the salad dressing should definitely contain oil. Find out which vitamins are important for women.

2) Vitamins preserved when cooking

You should only cook vegetables for a short time with a little water (al dente) and not keep them warm for long, otherwise, the valuable ingredients will be lost quickly. Since many vitamins are water-soluble, you should prepare vegetables in the steamer. Because the steam cooks it gently and the vitamins do not disappear in the cooking water. If you don’t want to buy a steamer, you can buy special steamer inserts for the saucepan online.

3) Freeze vitamin-rich vegetables properly

Freezing vegetables allows vitamins to be preserved. So you can freeze it yourself or use frozen vegetables and feed yourself rich in vitamins. It is important to freeze the vegetables as soon as possible. To freeze the food properly, you should cut it up into small pieces, blanch it briefly and then shock it in ice water. Then it goes into the freezer. Also, note our instructions for freezing meat.

4) Observe correct storage

Proper storage is crucial to prevent vitamin loss in fruit and vegetables. But the faster you eat the fruit and vegetables, the more vitamins you take in. Proper storage is not easy, as different varieties require different storage locations. For some, it should be cool and dark. While others cannot tolerate the cold and lose valuable ingredients as a result. Therefore, find out beforehand how best to store your vegetables.

5) Dry vegetables and protect vitamins

Dried fruits and vegetables have a longer shelf life. In addition, it can be very nutritious, as important minerals and trace elements are preserved during drying. However, vitamins can also be lost, which is why vitamin-preserving freeze-drying can be advisable. Also, note our other tips on drying food.

An increase in blood pressure with occasional coffee consumption is already known. But what about regular coffee drinkers?

How many cups of coffee per day are allowed?

Coffee is known to have many different effects on the body. Consuming coffee regularly in moderation can also have a positive impact on your health. But what about blood pressure? It is known that coffee can significantly increase blood pressure. However, this state of affairs does not last long. But if you regularly have a cup of coffee, you have to reckon with other consequences in terms of blood pressure.

Effects of coffee on blood pressure

If you drink a cup of coffee or black or green tea, you will get an increase in blood pressure for a short period of time – about 20 to 30 minutes. This high blood pressure is triggered by the caffeine or theobromine contained in the beverages in large quantities. The increased blood pressure caused by the consumption of caffeinated coffee increases individually, but on average it is around 10 to 20 mmHg. However, since the blood pressure drops back to its standard value quite quickly, this increase is not of concern. But those who consume coffee more than just occasionally have other effects on blood pressure. In a study, researchers from Switzerland found out that high coffee consumption permanently lowers blood pressure. Higher coffee consumption thus has the opposite effect on blood pressure than coffee consumption over longer periods of time. This effect can be compared to jogging. Because here, too, blood pressure rises sharply during running. With regular exercise, it has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system in the long term. Constant coffee consumption can also reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke. A team led by Murielle Bochud from the University Hospital in Lausanne wrote in a specialist journal that a cup of coffee a day can lower blood pressure by up to nine millimeters of mercury.
In the analysis, more than 16,000 people were compared with the amount of coffee consumed in terms of their blood pressure and genetic make-up. The researchers found that certain genes largely determine how much caffeinated beverages each individual consumes. These are variations of the gene CYP1A2. Because the gene is relevant for caffeine breakdown in the liver. Depending on how efficient the variation in the gene you’ve inherited is, you’ll consume more or less caffeine accordingly. At the same time, the person who consumes more coffee also tends to have lower blood pressure, on average. The limit is about four to five cups of coffee or tea a day. It is best to spread these out over two or three times. However, anyone who suffers from cardiac arrhythmias should observe whether the consumption of caffeinated beverages may intensify these disorders.

Permanently low blood pressure due to coffee consumption

Thus, in addition to its many other positive properties, coffee also has an effect on blood pressure in different areas of the body. For those who only drink coffee occasionally, coffee only increases blood pressure for a short time. But if you want to permanently achieve a positive change in blood pressure through coffee consumption, you should have a cup of coffee at least once a day. Heart patients should not only observe the connection between coffee and blood pressure, but also pay attention to cardiac arrhythmias.

Sometimes it is unavoidable that the freshly brewed coffee cannot be enjoyed immediately, but only later or at a different location. And this is exactly where the thermos flask comes into play.

Coffee tastes best when it’s fresh and hot. But is it advisable to keep coffee in the thermos?

Maybe you feel the same way: you just can’t find good coffee on the go. It is immensely important for a successful start to the day that you get a delicious cup of coffee in the morning. So what to do? The simplest solution is probably to take your own favorite coffee with you from home. Then you finally know what you have. But what if you want the coffee to stay warm for a long time? Clearly: thermos flask or a practical thermal mug for on the go. But there are huge differences. You should pay attention to this if you want your coffee to be brewing hot for the second breakfast.

How do I recognize a good thermos flask?

A good thermos not only keeps hot drinks warm for a long time, it also cools cold drinks for hours. Also important: the vacuum jug should be leak-proof. Because hardly anything is more annoying than when the nice coffee spills over the documents for the meeting in the early morning. It is also very practical if the heat from the drink in the thermos stays where it belongs, namely inside and not outside and warms our fingers. When buying a new thermos flask, you should also pay attention to the pollutant content. Again and again, thermos flasks stand out due to a very high level of pollution. It is therefore best to ask your specialist dealer specifically.

Which thermos is right for me?

Which thermos flask suits you is not so easy to answer. To do this, you first have to know what purpose the thermos flask is supposed to serve. If you would like to drink your home-brewed coffee in the morning on the way to work, a thermal mug with a capacity of 0.4 liters is probably the right one. If the coffee pot is always ready to hand on the desk, you are well advised to use a vacuum jug. But if you are looking for a jug with a really large capacity, because Sunday visitors are expected, you should reach for a classic pump jug.

Good to know: This is how a thermos flask is constructed.

In most cases, a thermos consists of an inner and an outer shell. The outer shell, which consists of glass in most cases, is usually double-walled. In order to be able to keep the heat really well, the air is removed from the space between the two walls (vacuumed). Since there are now hardly any molecules in this space, the heat can only be emitted very poorly and stays inside. The inner shell usually has another layer that works like a mirror. Thanks to a special material, the heat is actually reflected and can therefore also be better kept inside.

Not only in football Brazil is usually at the top. The country on the Sugar Loaf is the clear number one worldwide among coffee producers.

Perfect climate for cultivation

Almost five million of the approximately 190 million inhabitants live directly from coffee cultivation. Around 60% of the annual harvest is exported. Every fourth coffee plant in the world grows on Brazilian soil. And because the climate in the South American country is usually ideal for growing coffee, almost 30% of all coffee beans come from Brazil – more than a million tons. So it’s no wonder that the recent period of drought in the country has led to a steep rise in the world market price for green coffee because of fears of massive crop failures. Brazilian coffee is very popular, especially in Europe. The Germans and Italians alone import almost 100,000 tons of coffee a year. The low acid content paired with a high caffeine content, which characterizes the coffees from the South American country, is particularly appreciated.

Because the climate in the South American country is usually ideal for coffee growing, almost 30% of all coffee beans come from Brazil – more than a million tons.

The first coffee plants were brought to Brazil from French Guiana around 1730 by the officer Franciso de Melo Palheta. From this point on, coffee cultivation and coffee culture spread rapidly. At the Sugar Loaf there are a number of coffee specialties that are an integral part of everyday life there. These include, for example, the Café de olla and the Cafezinho. For Brazilians, making a good coffee starts with choosing the right water. It must be pure, rich in minerals and oxygen, because this is the only way the coffee can develop its full taste.

Café de olla refreshes and invigorates

The café de olla is not only a popular coffee specialty and refreshment in Brazil. It is usually drunk cold and made from coffee powder with various spices such as cinnamon, orange peel, chili or vanilla. The drink is available in many variants, of which we would like to present a typical one for you to cook at home:

Cafe de olla recipe

Ingredients:

1,000 ml still mineral water,
30 g freshly ground coffee powder,
125 g brown sugar,
2 cinnamon sticks,
5 cloves,
Zest of half an orange.

Preparation:

First bring the water to the boil in a small saucepan along with the cloves, the cinnamon stick and the zest of the orange.
Once it boils, let it simmer for about 10 minutes more.
Then add the coffee powder and the sugar and let it boil again briefly.
Finally, remove the pot from the hotplate and let it steep for about 5 minutes.
To pour into a pot or bottle, it is best to pass it through a fine sieve.
The café de olla tastes best when it has been well chilled. Bottled and refrigerated, this Brazilian refreshment can easily be kept for several days.

When cooking, it can quickly happen that the water boils over or the food burns. So that this doesn’t happen to you again in the future, we have collected tips on how to prevent overcooking and burning of various foods.

Tips to prevent overcooking and scorching

Multitasking is often required when cooking because many processes run in parallel. It can quickly happen that something boils over or burns. So that this doesn’t happen again in the future, we’ve collected a few tips to prevent overcooking and burning. Consequently, possible burn accidents in the kitchen are also avoided. Even simple tricks help to avoid major mishaps in the kitchen. You should know these tricks, especially when cooking milk, pudding, or rice. But other dishes, such as a delicious bolognese, can burn quickly. The following tips will help against this:

1) Prevent scorching by stirring constantly

The easiest way to prevent burning and overcooking are to stir constantly. This is easy and suitable for almost any dish. Use a standard wooden spoon or a whisk for this. But when preparing rice, you should avoid stirring it.

2) Glass marbles avoid burning food

If you put a commercially available glass marble in the pot while cooking, its rolling motion will prevent the food in the pot from burning. As a result, you can simply cook the marbles and stir them vigorously in the pot. But remember to remove the marble before serving.

3) Prevent rice from burning

As already mentioned, you should avoid stirring when cooking rice. Because that ensures the destruction of the ice cover, which stores the heat. As a result, the rice can burn. So use the swelling method to cook rice. Use 1 part rice and 2 parts water to prepare it. Then let it soak in it for 10 minutes. Then heat it to the highest level until it starts to boil. Then you can turn on the lowest level and let it swell further. But without stirring!

4) Boil milk without burning

Especially when boiling milk, it often boils over or burns. It seems that cooking milk is a big challenge. But you can’t avoid having to heat them up from time to time. Because hot milk with honey is an effective remedy for colds, a recipe for golden milk promotes health, and rice pudding simply tastes delicious. When you boil milk, you should heat the milk slowly. The following tips will also help you cook milk without boiling over and burning:

  • The marble method also works when boiling milk.
  • Using a simmer pot prevents scorching.
  • A wafer-thin layer of water in the pot, then nothing burns.
  • Heating the butter in the pan beforehand also prevents the milk from burning.
  • Place a metal spoon in the pot to dissipate excess heat.
  • A milk guard serves as protection against boiling over.

5) Prevent boilover with ice cubes

If you notice while cooking that the water or milk is about to boil over, you can prevent this by stirring or blowing vigorously. It’s even easier if you throw an ice cube into the water. Then the temperature drops and the water sinks. However, you should note that this method does not last forever. Therefore, turn the temperature down a bit at the same time.

6) Special kitchen helpers to prevent overcooking

There are now some useful kitchen aids on the Internet that prevent overcooking. For example, special and cheaply available lids that fit on different pots. Just put them on the pot while cooking. Due to the shape of these lids, they act as protection against boiling over. After use, you can easily wash them in the dishwasher.

Brewing good coffee is not that easy – there are many factors that can influence the taste. Some of these are common knowledge, others perhaps less well known. We introduce you to ten common mistakes when making coffee.

Coffee is one of the most popular hot drinks in Germany: For many, the daily cup for breakfast and in the afternoon is a matter of course. Coffee is not only an everyday drink, but also a luxury food.

However, the enjoyment quickly becomes clouded if coffee is prepared incorrectly. It then tastes too bitter, too thin or even burnt. This is due to various mistakes that often happen when making coffee. In this article we will show you which coffee mistakes are particularly common – and how you can avoid them.

Store coffee incorrectly

You should always store coffee in a dark, cool and dry place so that it does not lose its taste and quality. Heat, moisture and oxygen damage it. Many people therefore fill the coffee into a container. It is best to leave the coffee in its original packaging, seal it well and also store it in an airtight container. Coffee isn’t in good hands in the refrigerator if air can get in: it quickly absorbs the smells of other foods and changes its taste.

Caution: Even if stored well, coffee loses its aroma over time. So only ever buy as much as you need and use it up within six to eight weeks.

The wrong type of coffee

If you don’t like your coffee, it might not be because of the machine, but because of the type. Because coffee is not just coffee: there are over 100 known types of coffee with different flavors. For example, Arabica beans have a milder and less bitter taste than the robust beans of the Robusta plant. Robusta coffee usually also has a higher caffeine content than Arabica coffee. You can find out what you personally like best by trying it out.

The wrong degree of roast

The type of bean doesn’t taste like it does in your favorite café? This could be because you use a different method of preparation. Depending on whether you brew your coffee with a filter machine, an espresso maker or a French press, different degrees of roasted coffee are recommended.

For filter coffee, you should use beans with a medium or light roast.
A dark roast is recommended for espresso.
If in doubt, seek advice from a specialist retailer or take a look at the coffee packaging. Often you will find additional information there.

Mistake: Buy conventional coffee

When buying coffee, not only pay attention to the type of beans and the degree of roasting, but also keep an eye on the production conditions. Conventional coffee is repeatedly criticized because it is often contaminated with pesticides. This is doubly problematic: On the one hand, chemical-synthetic pesticides that are spread over large areas damage the environment. On the other hand, coffee contaminated with pesticides can also have a negative effect on your own health.

It is therefore best to buy organic coffee. It comes from sustainable cultivation and you avoid harmful residues because chemical-synthetic pesticides are banned in organic farming. Various test results also suggest that organic coffee is better for your health: Oko-Test, for example, took a closer look at 22 espresso roasts and found that many beans contain critical amounts of acrylamide. The substance is produced during roasting and is considered carcinogenic.

Grind coffee beans in advance

You can get coffee either ready-ground or in the form of whole beans. Many coffee lovers swear by the second variant and like to freshly grind their coffee at home. It should then have a more intense and pleasant taste than pre-ground coffee powder.

However, this is only true if you actually grind the beans right before brewing. Grinding a whole pack of coffee beans in advance may be more convenient, but it makes little sense: ground coffee loses its aroma faster than whole coffee beans. Therefore, pre-ground coffee does not differ significantly from conventional coffee powder.

Grind bean coffee with the wrong degree of grinding

When you grind your coffee yourself at home, it’s not only important to do it fresh every time – you should also consider the correct grind size. If the powder is ground too finely, the coffee releases too many bitter substances into the water, resulting in an unpleasantly bitter taste. On the other hand, powder that is too coarse does not release enough aromas into the water – the result is a rather thin coffee with little taste.

Basically, you should use medium-fine ground beans for the filter coffee machine
and use finely ground beans for hand filter coffee.
A coarser grind is recommended for espresso makers and French presses.

Mistake: Buying unfair coffee

In addition to the organic seal, you should also look out for the Fairtrade seal on the coffee pack of your choice. Poor working conditions often prevail on coffee plantations and local coffee farmers are often badly paid by bulk buyers. Fairtrade coffee, on the other hand, is traded and exported under fair conditions: For example, fair trade sets a minimum price for coffee that is not subject to the usual price fluctuations on the world market. This guarantees that the farmers can cover their production costs and their existence is not threatened. Other goals of fair trade are to enable coffee farmers to receive further training, to strengthen their negotiating position with customers and to combat child labor on coffee plantations.

In addition to the social aspect, Fairtrade coffee is usually also more sustainable, because fair trade focuses on environmental protection and bans certain pesticides. In addition, Fairtrade companies are more careful with valuable resources such as water. Our guide gives you an overview of the best places to buy Fairtrade coffee.

Incorrect amount of ground coffee

Coffee often gets too strong or too weak because you use too much or too little powder. For a pleasant taste you can use the following rule of thumb:

You need seven to ten grams of ground coffee per cup of coffee (125 to 150 milliliters). Ten grams is approximately one heaped tablespoon. For a more accurate dosage, you can also use a special teaspoon to help you measure.

Brew coffee with water that is too hot

You should avoid this mistake especially if you brew your coffee with a French press or prepare Turkish coffee. Boiling hot water weakens the aroma of coffee and more bitter substances are released. Ultimately, the finished coffee tastes much more bitter.

It is better to use water with a temperature below 100 degrees Celsius for these types of preparation; 90 to 95 degrees are ideal. If you don’t have a way to measure the water temperature precisely, you can simply let the water cool slightly after boiling before using it to brew the coffee.

Water quality is also important

What many people don’t take into account: It’s not just the coffee powder itself that contributes to the taste of a cup of coffee, but also the quality of the water. Be sure to use fresh and pure water to brew your coffee and pay particular attention to the calcium and magnesium content. If it is particularly high, we speak of hard water – this has an unfavorable effect on the taste of the coffee and can also calcify the coffee machine. Too soft water with very little mineral content is not recommended either. The ideal water hardness is a maximum of 8 °dH.

If you are unsure about the composition, you can have your tap water tested. If it’s high in calcium and magnesium, you can soften it by using a water filter. Alternatively, you can brew your coffee with mineral water. In principle, however, tap water is better for the environment than plastic bottles.

You leave work tired and hungry and head to the nearest supermarket with a growling stomach. When you see the full shelves, you feel a bit overwhelmed and you start to think: What am I going to cook tonight? Sometimes ingredients that are actually still in stock at home end up in the shopping basket, or you reach for a quick frozen pizza again. It quickly becomes clear: something has to change in shopping behavior! We will help you here and explain how you can save money, time and nerves when shopping for the week.

The advantages of a planned weekly shop are obvious: you save time and money, eat more balanced and less food falls victim to the rubbish bin. With a menu plan for the week and a well-thought-out shopping list (or a corresponding app on your smartphone), you can do your weekly shopping without impulse purchases and endless bills.

5 tips for successful weekly shopping

With our 5 helpful tips and a practical example for a successful weekly shop, nothing can go wrong!

But before you can go shopping for the week, you first have to clarify what should/must be in the shopping cart:

Tip 1: The stocks of staple foods should be checked regularly before you go shopping. Because standing in the supermarket and not knowing whether you still have enough pasta at home for the planned spaghetti Bolognese not only costs nerves and time but also money.

Tip 2: Setting a menu plan for the whole week in advance before going shopping prevents deliberations and discussions in the hectic everyday life and every family member knows exactly what to eat on which day.

It is also a good idea to make a list of dishes that all family members enjoy eating again and again. These favorite foods can then be regularly incorporated into the menu plan. Of course, it is also great fun to browse cookbooks or food blogs together and try out new recipes.

Once it is clear what needs to be bought, it is time to write the shopping list, which ideally should not be written when you are hungry:

Tip 3: A shopping list that is clearly visible on the fridge, or an app on your smartphone that you always have at hand, is particularly useful for everyday NORMAL writing down the groceries that have run out. These foods from the list can then easily be supplemented with the ingredients required for the weekly menu plan.

It is particularly practical to build up the finished shopping list in the order in which they can be found in the supermarket (e.g. first the fruit and vegetables, then the dairy products, last the bread and pastries).

Tip 4: The most efficient way is to do your weekly shopping in a supermarket that you already know well because here you will find what you need unerringly and without hesitation. The basic purchase in the supermarket can then be supplemented, for example, with individual products from the market. Most discounters already have a large range of organic products and a great selection of top-quality fresh fruit and vegetables.

Tip 5: Even small animals make a mess: When shopping for the week, it is definitely worth paying attention to discounts and promotions and planning them for the purchase. For example, if the butter is on sale right now, more of it is bought and frozen in stock for the coming weeks.

It is basically possible to eat Jerusalem artichoke raw. In this article, we explain why the raw tuber is still not fully recommended and when you should be careful with it.

Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant that forms edible tubers underground. It originally comes from North America. It has been known as a crop in Europe since the 17th century, but has long lagged behind the more popular potato. In recent years, the Jerusalem artichoke has been found more frequently at weekly markets and in the vegetable department of larger supermarkets.

Externally, the tuber looks very similar to the potato. Unlike these, however, Jerusalem artichoke can be eaten raw and does not contain any harmful toxins. Nevertheless, it can overwhelm sensitive stomachs when uncooked. Here you can read what you should consider if you want to eat Jerusalem artichoke raw.

Eating Jerusalem artichokes raw: General information

As with most vegetables, the same applies to Jerusalem artichoke: the fresher it is, the better it tastes raw. Wrapped in a damp cloth, it can be kept in the fridge for up to two weeks, but will quickly lose its freshness. If you plan to eat the Jerusalem artichoke raw, you should consume it as soon as possible after buying it. Incidentally, small to medium-sized tubers are particularly suitable for raw consumption. It is better to use large Jerusalem artichokes for cooking.

Like the potato, Jerusalem artichoke is surrounded by a thin skin that you can eat with it. Because it’s so thin, the shell doesn’t bother you much even if you eat Jerusalem artichoke raw. In terms of taste, it is unobtrusive. If you still want to get rid of the peel, you can remove it with a vegetable peeler or paring knife before eating.

How to prepare raw Jerusalem artichoke:

Gently wash the tubers under cold running water. If necessary, peel the Jerusalem artichoke if the peel bothers you.
Cut the Jerusalem artichoke into thin slices or small pieces. You can also grate it and make a salad out of it. Eating Jerusalem artichoke whole raw is not recommended: the hard tuber can be a challenge for your teeth.
Raw Jerusalem artichoke oxidizes quickly in air. If you want to prevent it from turning brown, you can drizzle or soak the slices or pieces in lemon juice after slicing.
By the way: While cooked or roasted Jerusalem artichoke develops a sweet note, raw Jerusalem artichoke has a slightly bitter taste. It tastes good in salads or as a topping for bread, for example.

When not to eat Jerusalem artichoke raw

Although raw Jerusalem artichoke does not generally contain any harmful substances, it can cause digestive problems in some people. Bloating, in particular, is a common reaction.

This effect can be attributed to the high inulin content of the tuber. Inulin is a so-called polysaccharide and is one of the dietary fibers. It is recommended for diabetics because it ensures that carbohydrates from food enter the blood more slowly and thus have a positive effect on blood sugar levels. In addition, inulin is low in calories and stimulates digestion.

Like all fiber, inulin is broken down by bacteria in the large intestine. In particular with larger amounts or with poor tolerability, gases are formed that lead to flatulence. If you generally do not tolerate raw vegetables well or have never eaten Jerusalem artichoke raw before, you should approach it carefully and start with small amounts. Eat as slowly as possible and pay attention to how your body reacts. One way to make the Jerusalem artichoke more digestible is to blanch it briefly before processing. It stays crunchy but is easier to digest.

Coffee has become an indispensable part of our everyday life. But since when has the popular hot drink actually been drunk and how did coffee come to Germany? In this post you will learn more about the origin and history of coffee.

Back to the roots: the coffee story in Ethiopia

In general, the origin of coffee cultivation is not historically documented. However, the custom of drinking a hot brew made from roasted coffee beans is said to have originated in Ethiopia. It has been proven that the plant genus Coffea originated in tropical Africa. The Ethiopian highlands are considered the place of origin of the Coffea Arabica bean. Coffee was first mentioned there early in history – namely in the 9th century.

According to legend, a 9th-century goatherd named Kaldi in southwestern Ethiopia discovered coffee when he observed his goats frolicking at night, nibbling on the cherry-like fruit of a small tree, and didn’t seem tired. To get to the bottom of the matter, he tasted the cherry-like fruit himself. He quickly noticed its stimulating and refreshing effect.

Coffee probably came to Arabia from Ethiopia through slave traders. Old writings show that the Yemenis were already operating the first coffee-growing areas in the Middle Ages. In the port city of Mocha in Yemen, in the 14th/15th Century the first coffee plantations. The term “coffee” is derived from the Arabic “kahwe” or “qahwa”, which means something like vitality or strength.

The story goes on: spread of coffee & arrival in Europe

From the middle of the 15th century, coffee made its way to the Egyptian metropolis of Cairo via the Saudi Arabian cities of Mecca and Medina. A turning point in coffee history. Because from then on an expansion of the Ottoman Empire took place from the 16th century.

Coffee conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt and south-eastern Europe. The first coffee houses were popping up everywhere. For years, Arabia, especially Yemen, had a monopoly on the coffee trade. The Arabs had only supplied their trading partners with raw beans and previously poured hot water over them. As a result, the beans became incapable of germination and could no longer be grown in other regions. The small state secret was properly guarded by the Arabs.

A change in the history of coffee did not take place until the 17th century. With the beginning of colonization, the coffee monopoly of the Arab world fell and coffee found its way into Europe. More and more travelers and pilgrims reported about the energy-rich drink and brought small amounts of the coffee back to their home countries. With the expansion of trade routes, sacks of coffee beans were soon arriving in the major port cities such as Venice, London, Amsterdam and Hamburg, and coffee became a coveted beverage of the sophisticated wealthy in these cities.

Gradually, numerous coffee houses opened in Europe and North America. The first coffee house opened its doors in Venice in 1647. As a central meeting place for the citizens of the city, the coffee house gained social relevance. More coffee houses opened in the years that followed: 1650 in Oxford, 1652 in London, 1673 in Bremen, 1677 in Hamburg, 1685 in Vienna. The coffee house tradition is still maintained in some large cities. And coffee cultivation also expanded abruptly.

Long after its origin: coffee becomes a popular mass drink

Once in Europe, the triumph of coffee could no longer be stopped. Here, coffee became a coveted beverage of urban elites and nobility, because coffee was initially considered a pure luxury good. Only later in history, in the middle of the 19th century, coffee gradually became a popular and mass drink.

This development in coffee history can be attributed to the mass production of coffee on plantations in South America and the increasing purchasing power of the working class. The coffee trade became much easier due to the advancing industrialization and the broad working class also felt a relative prosperity. While coffee was still a stimulant for the aristocratic upper class, workers particularly valued the powerful and invigorating effects of coffee.

Industrial finished products have been consumed for the first time since the 20th century. In times of war, soldiers were provided with easy-to-make and long-lasting instant coffee. From 1945, however, bean coffee was in short supply. During the Second World War, coffee production was curtailed in factories, and instead the focus of nutrition was shifted to carbohydrate-rich foods such as potatoes and flour. Instead, German coffee consumers had to be content with a coffee substitute called Muckefuck.

This can be prepared in different ways. Basically, chicory roots are used for the production of the drink, which are roasted, ground and finally infused like ordinary coffee. This gave the substitute coffee its coffee-typical color. Other main components of the hot drink were barley grains, which were also roasted. Other grains such as rye and spelled were also worked into the mixture for a change. There are two explanations for the origin of the word coffee substitute. Some assume that the term comes from the French “mocca faux” (wrong mocha). And others in turn believe that Muckefuck can be derived from the Rhenish “Mucke” (brown woodworm) and “Fuck” (lazy). The taste of the drink can be described as nutty. Of course, the taste cannot be compared to coffee from a filter coffee machine.

Gradually, through different methods of preparation and coffee variations, coffee became one of the most important commodities in the world – and remains so to this day. Today, coffee is considered the second most important raw material on the global trading market. The range of coffees is large and diverse. Germany is supplied with tons of Arabica beans and Robusta beans. These are ideal for grinding and brewing in filter coffee machines. The largest coffee exporter is Brazil, beating Vietnam by far. The largest country on the South American continent supplies the world with 2.7 million tons of coffee every year. Vietnam contributes around 1.6 tons of green coffee every year – and the trend is rising. Because more and more citizens of the world who want to enjoy a cup of coffee from the filter coffee machine need to be catered for.

The history of coffee in the 21st century

A lot has happened in the coffee world in recent years. Not only the variety of coffee is constantly growing, but also the coffee machine manufacturers always surprise with technical innovations. But our attitude towards this drink and its value chain has also changed.

Coffee, pad and capsule machines as well as fully automatic espresso machines are becoming increasingly popular and can be found in more and more households. Due to constant further development by the manufacturers, the preparation is becoming faster and quieter and the coffee more aromatic. The variety of coffee specialties that can be prepared with the coffee machine is also increasing regularly. Milk drinks such as cappuccino or latte macchiato are now particularly popular.

But the importance of coffee has also changed over the course of history. Coffee is no longer just a synonym for pick-me-up, but has developed into a luxury good. There is a growing willingness to pay more for quality coffee products and equipment. The increased interest in the processing of the coffee goes hand in hand with the idea of ​​quality. Drum roasting is the preferred refining method for those interested in coffee. This development of quality awareness is also reflected in the numerous small specialty roasters that are currently conquering the backyards of many large cities. In addition to quality awareness, the idea of ​​sustainability has also become more and more important to coffee drinkers. In addition to price and quality, the origin and possible certifications also play a role. Customers want to know more about their coffee.

One effect of this coffee evolution is the “third wave of coffee”. The third coffee wave stands for high-quality coffee, which is seen as a luxury food. It is her concern to shape all components of the value chain in a high-quality and sustainable manner and thus to increase the product and taste quality. For them, roasting is a craft and not just an unimportant step. But the working and living conditions of the local coffee farmers are also important to this movement. In this way, as many middlemen as possible are eliminated so that the greatest possible proceeds go directly to the coffee farmers. Additionally, in this movement, the original and alternative brewing methods are favored as opposed to the fully automatic coffee maker. The focus is on aromatic coffee preparation that has nothing to do with speed or simplicity. Here, no coffee machine makes the filter coffee, but it is poured by hand. Quality awareness and consumer interest should be aroused. They should decide for themselves which coffee is good and not blindly trust the colorful coffee packaging.

Learn more about the origins and history of coffee

Those who would like to learn more about the cultural history of coffee can visit various coffee museums with attractive exhibits, for example the forerunners of the filter coffee machine. Located directly on Lake Zurich in Switzerland is probably the largest collection on the cultural history of coffee. The Johann Jacobs Museum in Zurich maintains an extensive library and exhibits, among other things, machines and fine porcelain from bygone times. Since 2013, the Coffee Museum has been dedicated to the complex history of the global trading world based on commodities such as coffee and cocoa.