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What are some condiments or sauces commonly used in Liberian cooking?

Introduction: Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is a combination of diverse African, European, and American influences. It is known for its hearty stews, cassava, plantains, and rice dishes. Liberian cuisine also uses a wide range of spices and condiments that add flavor and depth to the dishes.

Commonly Used Condiments and Sauces

Liberian cooking uses a variety of condiments and sauces to enhance the flavor of their food. Some of the most commonly used condiments in Liberian cooking include palm oil, pepper sauce, and peanut butter sauce. These condiments are used to add richness, spiciness, and creaminess to dishes.

Palm Oil: The King of Liberian Condiments

Palm oil is one of the most important condiments in Liberian cooking and is often referred to as the “king of Liberian condiments”. It is a thick, reddish-orange oil that is extracted from the palm fruit. It is used in almost all Liberian dishes, including stews, soups, and rice dishes. Palm oil is high in saturated fats and is a good source of vitamin E and antioxidants.

Pepper Sauce: A Spicy Staple in Liberian Kitchens

Pepper sauce is a spicy condiment that is a staple in Liberian kitchens. It is made from a variety of hot peppers, including habanero, scotch bonnet, and bird’s eye chili peppers. Pepper sauce is used to add heat and flavor to dishes such as stews, casseroles, and grilled meats. It is also used as a dipping sauce for fried foods.

Peanut Butter Sauce: Versatile and Nutritious

Peanut butter sauce is a versatile and nutritious condiment that is commonly used in Liberian cooking. It is made from roasted peanuts, garlic, onions, and other spices. Peanut butter sauce is used as a topping for rice dishes, as a dipping sauce for vegetables, or as a marinade for grilled meats. It is high in protein, healthy fats, and fiber.

Other Condiments and Sauces in Liberian Cooking

In addition to palm oil, pepper sauce, and peanut butter sauce, Liberian cooking also uses other condiments and sauces such as tomato sauce, fish sauce, and coconut milk. Tomato sauce is used in stews and soups to add tanginess and sweetness. Fish sauce is used to add umami flavor to dishes, while coconut milk is used to add richness and creaminess to curries and rice dishes.

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Liberia

Are there any special desserts or sweets in Liberian cuisine?

Introduction to Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is a fusion of African, European, and American flavors that reflect the country’s history and culture. It is a mix of traditional and modern dishes that are influenced by indigenous ingredients and cooking techniques. Liberian cuisine is known for its use of rice, cassava, plantains, yams, and other starchy vegetables as the main staple. Liberian cuisine is also known for its unique flavor combinations, including sweet, savory, and spicy.

The Role of Desserts and Sweets in Liberian Cuisine

Desserts and sweets are an integral part of Liberian cuisine, and they are often served during special occasions and celebrations. Desserts and sweets in Liberian cuisine are usually made from locally sourced ingredients, such as tropical fruits, nuts, and grains. They are also heavily influenced by American and European desserts, such as cakes, pies, and ice cream. Desserts and sweets in Liberian cuisine are often rich and sweet, with a variety of flavors and textures.

Popular Desserts and Sweets in Liberian Cuisine

One of the most popular desserts in Liberian cuisine is the banana fritter. It is made from mashed bananas, flour, sugar, and spices, which are mixed together to form a batter that is deep-fried until golden and crispy. Another popular dessert is the coconut candy, which is made from grated coconut, sugar, and water, which are cooked together until thick and sticky. Other popular desserts and sweets in Liberian cuisine include cassava cake, peanut butter candy, and gingerbread.

Traditional Ingredients Used in Liberian Desserts and Sweets

Traditional ingredients used in Liberian desserts and sweets include cassava, plantains, yams, sweet potatoes, bananas, and pineapples. These ingredients are often used to make cakes, puddings, and fritters. Nuts, such as peanuts and cashews, are also commonly used in Liberian desserts and sweets. In addition, spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg, and ginger, are used to add flavor to Liberian desserts and sweets.

Methods of Preparation for Liberian Desserts and Sweets

Liberian desserts and sweets are usually prepared using simple cooking methods, such as baking, frying, and boiling. Many desserts and sweets are made from scratch using locally sourced ingredients. Some desserts, such as coconut candy and peanut butter candy, are made by cooking the ingredients together until they form a thick, sticky mixture. Other desserts, such as banana fritters, are deep-fried until golden and crispy.

Where to Find Liberian Desserts and Sweets in the United States and Beyond

Liberian desserts and sweets can be found in Liberian restaurants and markets in the United States and other countries. Many Liberian immigrants have brought their traditional desserts and sweets with them and have started businesses that specialize in these treats. In addition, some African grocery stores carry Liberian desserts and sweets. Online stores also offer a variety of Liberian desserts and sweets that can be shipped anywhere in the world.

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Liberia

Are there any fusion dishes in Liberian cuisine?

Introduction: Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is a unique blend of West African and colonial influences. The country’s cuisine is known for its hearty stews, rice dishes, and seafood. Liberian cuisine varies from region to region, with each area having its own distinct flavors and dishes.

What is Fusion Cuisine?

Fusion cuisine is a cooking style that combines ingredients and techniques from different cultures. It is a popular trend in many parts of the world, especially in urban areas. The fusion of different culinary traditions has created new and exciting dishes that have gained popularity among food enthusiasts.

Examining Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is characterized by its use of fresh ingredients, including fish, chicken, beef, and vegetables. Rice is a staple food in Liberia, and it is often served with stews, sauces, or soups. The country’s cuisine is also known for its use of spices, such as ginger, garlic, and peppers.

Influences on Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine has been influenced by various cultures over the years, including the indigenous people, the settlers, and the surrounding West African countries. The cuisine has also been shaped by historical events, such as the country’s civil war, which affected the availability of certain ingredients.

Fusion in Liberian Cuisine

There are few fusion dishes in Liberian cuisine due to the country’s strong culinary traditions. However, some Liberian chefs have begun to experiment with fusion cuisine, incorporating ingredients and techniques from other cultures into traditional Liberian dishes. One example is the use of coconut milk in Liberian stews, which adds a creamy and rich flavor to the dish.

Conclusion: Fusion in Liberian Cuisine

In conclusion, Liberian cuisine is a unique blend of West African and colonial influences. Although fusion cuisine is not yet widespread in Liberia, some chefs have begun to experiment with fusion dishes by incorporating ingredients and techniques from other cultures into traditional Liberian dishes. As Liberian cuisine continues to evolve, it will be interesting to see how fusion cuisine will influence the country’s culinary traditions.

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Liberia

Can you find any influences from Liberian history or colonial period in the cuisine?

Introduction: Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is an amalgamation of various ethnicities and cultures that have come together over time. The country’s cuisine is characterized by the use of indigenous ingredients, spices, and cooking techniques that have been passed down through generations. The food in Liberia is heavily influenced by the country’s history and the cultures that have played a significant role in shaping it.

The Influence of Liberian History

Liberia’s history has played a significant role in shaping the country’s cuisine. The country’s cuisine is influenced by the traditional cooking techniques and ingredients used by its indigenous tribes. However, the arrival of colonial powers in Liberia also had a significant impact on the country’s cuisine.

Colonial Period and Its Impact on Cuisine

Liberia was under the control of various colonial powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. These colonial powers brought with them their own culinary traditions, which were then incorporated into the local cuisine. For example, rice was introduced to Liberia during the colonial period and has since become a staple in Liberian cuisine.

The Influence of West African Cuisine

Liberia’s proximity to other West African countries has also influenced its cuisine. Many of the dishes in Liberia are similar to those found in neighboring countries such as Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast. West African cuisine is characterized by the use of peanuts, cassava, plantains, and yams, all of which are prevalent in Liberian cuisine.

Indigenous Ingredients in Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is heavily reliant on indigenous ingredients such as fish, cassava, plantains, and yams. These ingredients are used to create traditional dishes such as jollof rice, fufu, and pepper soup. The use of local ingredients is an essential part of Liberian cuisine and has helped to shape the country’s culinary traditions.

Contemporary Liberian Cuisine and Its Evolution

Contemporary Liberian cuisine has evolved to reflect the changing tastes and preferences of its people. Many Liberians now incorporate elements of other cuisines into their cooking, including Chinese, Indian, and American. Additionally, many Liberians are now using modern cooking techniques and equipment to prepare their food.

In conclusion, Liberian cuisine is a reflection of the country’s history and the various cultures that have influenced it over time. Traditional cooking techniques, indigenous ingredients, and the impact of colonial powers and neighboring countries have all played a significant role in shaping Liberian cuisine. Contemporary Liberian cuisine continues to evolve, reflecting the changing tastes and preferences of its people.

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Liberia

Is there a focus on communal dining and sharing meals in Liberian culture?

Introduction: Understanding Liberian Culture

Liberia is a country located in West Africa, with a population that comprises more than 16 ethnic groups, each with their unique customs and traditions. The country’s culture is heavily influenced by its history of colonization by freed American slaves in the 19th century. The culture is also enriched with various African traditions and practices. Cuisine plays a significant role in Liberian culture, with communal dining and sharing meals being a crucial aspect of everyday life.

The Importance of Communal Dining in Liberian Culture

Communal dining is a crucial aspect of Liberian culture, with meals serving as a way of bringing people together. It is common for Liberians to share meals with extended family members, friends, neighbors, and even strangers. Sharing meals not only fosters social connections but also reinforces cultural values. The act of offering food to others is seen as a display of hospitality, respect, and generosity.

The Role of Food in Liberian Social Gatherings

Food plays a central role in Liberian social gatherings, including weddings, funerals, and religious events. These occasions are typically marked by large communal feasts, where everyone contributes to the preparation of food. The preparation of food for such events is seen as a form of community service, and it is not uncommon for people to volunteer to help with cooking and serving.

Cultural Significance of Sharing Meals in Liberia

Sharing meals is deeply ingrained in Liberian culture, with many traditional beliefs and customs attached to it. For instance, it is believed that sharing food with someone can create a bond and foster a sense of belonging. Additionally, the sharing of food is seen as a way of promoting unity and solidarity within the community.

Traditional Liberian Dishes and Their Relevance to Communal Dining

Traditional Liberian dishes, such as jollof rice, cassava leaf, and fufu, are often served during communal dining events. These dishes hold cultural significance and are often prepared with traditional cooking methods and ingredients. The preparation and sharing of these dishes serve as a way of preserving Liberian culture and promoting social bonds.

Conclusion: Reflecting on Liberian Communal Dining Practices

Communal dining and sharing meals are essential aspects of Liberian culture. It serves as a way of bringing people together, fostering social connections, promoting cultural values, and preserving traditions. The practice of communal dining should be celebrated and promoted as an integral part of Liberian culture.

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Liberia

What are some lesser-known regional dishes or ingredients in Liberian cuisine?

Introduction to Liberian Cuisine

Liberian cuisine is a fusion of indigenous West African ingredients and cooking techniques with influences from American and European colonization. Staples of Liberian cuisine include rice, cassava, plantains, yams, and seafood. Liberian dishes are often rich in flavor, incorporating spices like chili pepper, ginger, and garlic. Meats such as chicken, beef, and fish are commonly consumed, as well as seafood like shrimp, crab, and lobster.

Lesser-known Regional Dishes

While Liberian cuisine has gained some recognition in recent years, there are still many lesser-known regional dishes that are worth exploring. These dishes vary in flavor and preparation techniques, but all contribute to the country’s diverse culinary landscape.

Jollof Rice Variations

Jollof rice is a popular West African dish, and Liberia has its own unique variations. Liberian jollof rice is typically prepared with a tomato-based sauce, onions, and bell peppers, and can be served with chicken, beef, or fish. Another variation is “dry jollof,” which is made without the tomato sauce and is instead seasoned with spices like ginger, garlic, and paprika.

Cassava Leaf Stew

Cassava leaf stew is a traditional Liberian dish that is made by boiling cassava leaves with meats like beef, chicken, or fish. The stew is typically seasoned with peanut butter, onions, and garlic, and can be served with rice or fufu (a starchy side dish made from cassava, plantains, or yams). The dish has a rich and hearty flavor and is a favorite among Liberians.

Fufu and Soup

Fufu is a staple in many West African countries, including Liberia. It is made by boiling cassava, yams, or plantains and then pounding them into a dough-like consistency. Fufu is typically served with soup, which can be made with a variety of meats and vegetables. Some popular soups in Liberia include pepper soup (made with hot chili peppers) and okra soup (made with okra and fish).

Ingredients: Palm Butter and Country Chicken

Two key ingredients in Liberian cuisine are palm butter and country chicken. Palm butter is made by boiling palm nuts and then pressing the pulp to extract the oil. It is used as a base for many stews and soups and has a rich, nutty flavor. Country chicken, also known as free-range chicken, is a staple in Liberian households. The meat is leaner and has a more robust flavor than conventional chicken, making it a popular ingredient in stews and soups.

In conclusion, Liberian cuisine is a rich and diverse fusion of West African, American, and European influences. While some dishes, like jollof rice, are well-known, there are many lesser-known regional dishes and ingredients that are worth exploring. From cassava leaf stew to fufu and soup, Liberian cuisine offers a range of flavors and textures that are sure to delight adventurous eaters.

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Liberia

What is Liberian cuisine known for?

Introduction to Liberian cuisine

Liberia is a West African country that has a unique and diverse food culture. Liberian cuisine is known for its bold flavors, spices, and a blend of African and American influences. The food culture of Liberia has been shaped by the country’s history of colonization, slavery, and migration. The Liberian cuisine is a reflection of the country’s rich history and cultural diversity.

A blend of African and American influences

The African and American influences on Liberian cuisine can be seen in the use of ingredients, cooking techniques, and the fusion of dishes. The use of rice, cassava, yams, and plantains in Liberian cuisine is typical of African cuisine and is a staple food in the country. However, the use of spices such as cumin, coriander, paprika, and chili peppers are an American influence. The use of these spices in Liberian cuisine adds a unique flavor to the dishes.

Staple foods in Liberian cuisine

Rice is a staple food in Liberian cuisine and is usually served with soup or stew. Cassava, yams, and plantains are also common in Liberian cuisine and are used in many dishes. Liberian cuisine also includes a variety of meats, such as chicken, fish, beef, and goat. The meats are usually seasoned with spices and grilled or stewed.

Bold flavors and spices in Liberian dishes

Liberian cuisine is known for its bold flavors and spices. The use of spicy peppers and herbs adds a unique and distinct flavor to the dishes. The most commonly used spices in Liberian cuisine include ginger, garlic, cumin, coriander, paprika, and chili peppers. The use of these spices in Liberian cuisine can be attributed to the country’s history of trade and migration.

Popular dishes in Liberian cuisine

One of the most popular dishes in Liberian cuisine is Jollof rice. Jollof rice is a rice dish that is usually made with chicken, tomatoes, onions, and spices. Another popular dish is Pepper soup, a spicy soup made with goat meat, spices, and vegetables. Fufu is also a popular dish in Liberian cuisine. Fufu is a dough-like substance made from cassava or yams and is usually served with soup or stew.

Desserts and drinks in Liberian cuisine

Liberian cuisine also includes a variety of desserts and drinks. One of the most popular desserts is coconut candy, made with grated coconut and sugar. Liberian ginger beer is a popular drink in Liberia and is made from ginger, sugar, and water. Other popular drinks include palm wine, which is made from the sap of palm trees, and Liberian coffee, which is known for its strong and robust flavor.

In conclusion, Liberian cuisine is a unique blend of African and American influences. The use of bold flavors and spices in Liberian dishes adds a unique flavor to the cuisine. Liberian cuisine is known for its staple foods such as rice, cassava, yams, and plantains. Popular dishes in Liberian cuisine include Jollof rice, Pepper soup, and Fufu. Liberian cuisine also includes a variety of desserts and drinks, such as coconut candy, ginger beer, and palm wine.

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Liberia

Are Liberian dishes generally spicy?

Introduction: Liberian cuisine

Liberian cuisine is a blend of African, European, and American influences. This West African country boasts a rich culinary heritage that is centered on rice, cassava, plantain, and yam. Liberian dishes are known for their bold and hearty flavors, with an emphasis on the use of fresh herbs and spices.

Spices in Liberian dishes

Spices play a crucial role in Liberian cooking, as they enhance the taste and aroma of the ingredients used in the dishes. In fact, Liberian cuisine is known for its use of aromatic spices, which add depth and complexity to the flavors of the food. From fiery chilies to fragrant cinnamon, Liberian spices are as diverse as they are flavorful.

Common spices used in Liberian cooking

Some of the most commonly used spices in Liberian cooking include onions, garlic, ginger, thyme, black pepper, and bay leaves. Others, such as chilies, cumin, coriander, and turmeric, add a bold and exotic touch to the dishes. Additionally, Liberian cuisine features a range of indigenous herbs and spices, such as bitter kola and bush pepper, which are used to season meat and fish dishes.

Regional variations in spice usage

While Liberian cuisine is characterized by its use of spices, the way in which they are used varies from region to region. For example, in the coastal areas of Liberia, seafood dishes are often seasoned with citrusy flavors, such as lime juice and orange peel, while the inland regions are known for their spicier cuisine. Furthermore, the culinary traditions of the various ethnic groups in Liberia influence the types and amounts of spices used in their cooking.

Spice levels in Liberian dishes

While Liberian cuisine is often associated with spicy food, the level of heat can vary greatly depending on the dish and the cook. Some dishes, such as pepper soup and jollof rice, are traditionally spicy, while others, like cassava leaf stew and baked chicken, are milder in flavor. It is worth noting that many Liberian dishes are served with a side of spicy pepper sauce, which allows diners to adjust the heat to their taste.

Conclusion: Final thoughts on spiciness in Liberian cuisine

In conclusion, Liberian cuisine is renowned for its bold and flavorful use of spices. While some dishes are traditionally spicy, the level of heat can vary, and there are plenty of milder options to choose from. Whether you are a spice lover or prefer a milder flavor, Liberian cuisine has something to offer every palate.

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Liberia

What is a typical Liberian breakfast like?

Introduction: Liberian Breakfast

Liberia, a West African country, is known for its rich cultural diversity and cuisine. One of the most important meals of the day for Liberians is breakfast, which is usually eaten early in the morning before heading to work or school. A typical Liberian breakfast is a hearty and filling meal that consists of a variety of staple foods, condiments, and protein sources.

Staple Foods: Rice and Cassava

Rice and cassava are the two primary staple foods in Liberia and are a part of almost every meal. For breakfast, Liberians usually eat rice or cassava with a little bit of pepper sauce and palm oil. Rice porridge, locally known as “koko,” is also a common breakfast dish made from rice flour, water, and sugar. Cassava bread is another popular breakfast food in Liberia, made by grinding cassava into a paste and then baking it.

Condiments: Pepper Sauce and Palm Oil

Pepper sauce and palm oil are two of the most important condiments in Liberian cuisine and are commonly used in breakfast dishes. Pepper sauce is made from hot peppers, onions, garlic, and other spices, and is used to give flavor and heat to the food. Palm oil is a thick, reddish oil that is made from the fruit of the oil palm tree, and is used as a cooking oil and to add flavor to dishes.

Protein Sources: Fish, Meat, and Eggs

Fish, meat, and eggs are the primary sources of protein in Liberian breakfast cuisine. Fresh fish is commonly eaten for breakfast, either grilled or fried. Meat, such as beef or chicken, is also eaten for breakfast, usually in the form of stews. Eggs are another popular protein source and are often boiled or fried.

Common Dishes: Jollof Rice and Palava Sauce

Jollof rice is a popular dish in Liberia and is often served for breakfast. It is a one-pot rice dish made with a variety of vegetables, spices, and sometimes meat or fish. Palava sauce is another common breakfast dish in Liberia, made from a variety of greens, such as spinach or collard greens, and a protein source, such as fish or meat. It is usually served with rice or cassava.

Conclusion: Diversity in Liberian Breakfast Cuisine

In conclusion, Liberian breakfast cuisine is diverse and reflects the country’s cultural heritage and regional influences. While rice and cassava are the primary staple foods, there are a variety of dishes and flavors that make up a typical Liberian breakfast. From jollof rice to palava sauce, and from fish to meat and eggs, Liberian breakfasts are hearty, flavorful, and satisfying.

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Food

Liberian Cuisine: Food Aesthetics

You can learn a lot about the history and culture of people through their literature, music, and food. This is especially true for Liberia. Once called the Pepper Coast, Liberia is located on Africa’s western coastline. It has the unique distinction of being the only African country to have been inhabited by freed blacks, former slaves from South America, North America, and the Caribbean. Declaring its independence on July 26, 1847, Liberia is also the oldest democratic republic in Africa. This unique story best reflects the traditional cuisine of Liberia.

Liberian cuisine can be described as a mixture of coastal West African cuisine with culinary traditions from the American South and the Caribbean.

Vegetable Food

Like most West African countries, Liberian food is built around rice and cassava. Rice is a staple food. Even today, especially in rural areas, many Liberians continue to grow their rice, cassava, and sugarcane. Cassava and potato leaves are boiled and eaten like spinach. The sugarcane is either peeled or the tough bark is cut open and the sweet juice is sucked straight from the cane.

In addition to rice and cassava, Liberia eats taro root, as well as vegetables and fruits: plantains, bananas, citrus fruits, papayas, mangoes, avocados, coconuts, okra, and sweet potatoes.

Meat and Fish

Fish is one of the key sources of animal protein in Liberia.

Also in the cuisine of Liberia, the meat of wild animals is used and is considered a delicacy, including elephants, pygmy hippopotamus, chimpanzees, leopards, dukers, and various types of monkeys.

Spice

The most popular spices in Liberian cuisine are habanero pepper and scotch bonnet chili, which are added to thick stews, and ground cayenne pepper is used as a flavoring and preservative.

Palm oil is added to almost all food in Liberia.

Bread

Rice Bread is a sweet rice bread commonly served as a dessert in Liberia.

Soups

Goat soup is a national soup served on important occasions and at special events.

Beef internal soup – made with beef, tripe, dried cod and other smoked fish caught from the nearby ocean.

Liberian Palm Butter Soup is a spicy meat soup (usually made with chicken and ham) that is cooked with chopped palm nuts, pepper, dried fish, okra, and spices. Traditional dish of the African tribe “Kru”, but widespread throughout Liberia.

Chicken Peanut Soup is a traditional Liberian lunch dish. It is a thick chicken broth soup with tomatoes, peanut butter, herbs, and spices.

Main Dishes

Jollof rice is a traditional red rice dish with vegetables popular throughout West Africa, including Liberia.

Fufu is a dense, thick porridge made from fermented dried cassava root. Fufu can also be made from rice, plantain, corn, or yam, but most Liberians use cassava. It is dried, ground into powder, boiled, and shaped into elongated balls about 5 cm in diameter. Fufu is usually eaten with spicy soup, pinching off a piece and immediately swallowing it without chewing.

Dumboy is a dish similar to fufu, with the only difference that it is prepared from fresh cassava root. It is first boiled and then crushed.

Palava sauce is one of the favorite dishes in Liberia, traditionally made from plateau leaves (okra), with the addition of palm oil and dried fish, chicken, or any other type of meat. Served with white rice.

Liberian Potato Greens is a traditional hot and sweet stew made from potato greens with meat or chicken. They are usually eaten with rice. Sweet potato leaves are also often replaced with cassava leaves.

Geebee / GB Soup – Despite the name, it is the main dish that is often served at parties and celebrations. It is a spicy thick meat gravy cooked with a lot of spices. Most often served with rice or fufu.

Salads and Snacks

Pepper Kala – Deep-fried crispy spicy dumplings served with a hot sauce.

Desserts

Rice bread and Sweet Potato Pone are served for dessert.

Drinks

Ginger beer is usually drunk with meals. Coffee is only served on special occasions.

Alcohol

Palm wine is a traditional wine made from fermented palm juice. It can be drunk as a beverage or used in food preparation, such as a yeast substitute in bread, or as vinegar after it has gone bad.

Gana is a local rum made from sugar cane, also called cane juice.

Serving and Etiquette

In Liberia, it is customary to place plates and glasses upside down and with a napkin on top on the table so that the guest can turn the clean dishes over for use. The host arranges all the food at once and stays at the table throughout the meal. All dishes also remain on the table until the end of the meal.

Most Liberians eat with their hands, although American customs have brought cutlery to the kitchens of many city dwellers.

A typical Liberian dinner is a dumba or fufu, served with palm oil and palava sauce, as well as meat stews, jollof rice, and beef giblets soup.

Liberians greet each other with a handshake. At the same time, shaking, they take the middle finger of another person’s right hand and flick it up and down. This tradition dates back to the days of slavery when a slave owner broke a slave’s finger to establish property. The handshake (or “click”) celebrates Liberia’s freedom from slavery.

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