With more than 100,000 varieties of rice worldwide, it’s easy to lose track. What are the differences and where do the different varieties come from? And what about the life cycle assessment of rice?
Types of rice: This is how they are roughly differentiated
Rice is the basic food source for more than half of the world’s population. The grain with the Latin generic name “Oryza” has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years. So it is hardly surprising that countless different varieties exist today.
Roughly two or three main groups are distinguished:
Long Grain Rice: Long, narrow grains of rice that do not stick after cooking.
Short Grain Rice: Shorter, thicker grains that result in very sticky rice.
Medium grain rice can be mentioned as a third possible subspecies. In terms of the length of the rice grains, this lies between long-grain and short-grain rice.
Rice can also be classified according to the degree of processing:
Brown rice (also brown rice or whole grain rice): Apart from removing the husk, the rice was not processed further here. It therefore contains significantly more vitamins, fiber and trace elements than conventional rice. Brown rice is the healthiest option.
White Rice: Here the silver skin has been removed and the grains polished. Although the rice has a longer shelf life, most of the important nutrients are lost.
Parboiled rice: In the parboiling process, the nutrients are pressed from the silver skin into the interior of the rice grains. Some of the vitamins are retained even after polishing; However, the rice no longer has any fiber.
Rice-growing regions: where does our rice come from?
Rice plants grow in tropical and subtropical areas. Above all Southeast Asian countries like China, India or Indonesia are important rice suppliers. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over 90 percent of the world’s rice harvest comes from the Asia-Pacific region.
But rice is also grown today in Europe, Australia and parts of North and South America. For example, the Arborio rice used for risotto comes from Italy, but there are also cultivation areas in Portugal, France and Spain.
The most important types of rice at a glance
wild rice
Strictly speaking, wild rice, with its typically dark grains, does not belong to the rice genus, but to the “water rice” genus. The grains of the sweet grasses contain many valuable nutrients and are grown in the USA.
long grain rice
Basmati rice is an aromatic long grain rice and is grown in the Himalayan region. It is mainly used in oriental cuisine.
Thanks to its intense aroma, jasmine rice is also called “fragrant rice”. The slightly sticky long grain rice comes from Thailand, but is also grown in Vietnam and Italy.
Patna is a grainy and firm long grain rice from India. The grains remain very al dente after cooking.
Medium and short grain rice
Risotto rice combines various medium-grain varieties with a high percentage of starch, which gives the dish its typical creamy consistency. Typical varieties are Arborio, Carnaroli or Vialone, all grown in Italy.
Japanese rice (or rice pudding) is a very sticky short-grain rice from Japan. There it is also used for hearty dishes. The grains are particularly soft, short and rounded.
Bomba rice is a Spanish short-grain rice with a slightly firmer and grainier consistency due to the lower starch content. It is typically used for paella.
Sushi rice is a particularly sticky rice from Japan with a high starch content. There are several varieties that are considered sushi rice.
Mochi rice is an extremely sticky rice from Japan that is mainly used to prepare desserts (e.g. rice cakes). Today, mochi rice is also grown in the United States.
Brown brown rice grows in Southeast Asia and includes different varieties. It is richer in nutrients and more resilient to cultivation than conventional rice, but also more expensive.
Black brown rice is wholegrain rice with a nutty taste. Originally from China, it is now also cultivated in Europe (Italy and France).